The great depression(conditions leading to the depression) Assignment

The great depression(conditions leading to the depression) - Assignment Example In the early-mid 1920s, production by farmers was far more than the population consumed. Mechanization in production techniques meant there was an increase in output that was expensive thereby putting firms in debts. Falling food production and reduction in land prices resulted in agricultural losses leaving vast populations poor and unemployed. With the demand dropping and supply increasing, the price of products reduced leaving the over-expanded firms short-changed leading to closure (Saint-Etienne, 2013). Top workers had their income rising by 75% while the bottom workers only enjoyed a 9% rise in wages. With industrial production growing by 50% in 1920s, there was wide a gap between high-income earners and those struggling in poverty leading to a reduction in disposable income to purchase the produce. With extensive unemployment, the poor required aid from the already cash-strapped authorities further deepening the financial problems. Explosion of stock markets built on speculation as seen in modern capitalist economy caused investors to buy stock believing it was going to rise quickly so that they could sell their stocks later. Most stock purchases were on credit as investors were required to have 5% of the stock’s value with the rest being supplied by a loan ‘buying on margin’. Speculation together with the short-term outlook of the investors did not offer consistency and stability for the system to yield economic benefits. The resulting tension led to selling of the stock causing a mini crash resulting in mass panic as the middle and upper classes lost money. The presence of numerous small banks with insufficient resources to handle the high demand for their money in conjunction with increasing nervousness about the state of the stock market played a major part in initiating the Great Depression. For this reason, they had to sell assets, borrow off other banks or shut down. Drying up of credit and reduction in lending

Chinese Civilization Essay Example for Free

Chinese Civilization Essay The land here is broad and diverse. Among this immense piece of earth, one can find both farmer and businessman; mountain and plain; drought and rainfall; wasteland and farmland. It is vast, it is multifaceted. And yet these collections of disparate and dissimilar presences are bound as one, side by side with each other. They are together, they are connected. They are united, united under one name: China. It is impossible to choose a single word that exactly represents all the land of China. The Himalayan Mountains might have majesty, or the Forbidden City might have opulence, but certainly the two are quite different and cannot be swapped. Yet there is a word that can describe all the land of China: the cities, the mountains, the villages, the plains, the towns, the rivers, the deserts. That word is Beauty. Chinas cultural sphere has extended across East Asia as a whole, with Chinese religion, customs, and writing systems being adapted to varying degrees by neighbors such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam. The first evidence of human presence in the region was found at the Zhoukoudian cave. It is one of the first known specimens of Homo erectus, now commonly known as the Peking Man, estimated to have lived from 300,000 to 780,000 years ago China ranges from mostly plateaus and mountains in the west to lower lands in the east. Principal rivers flow from west to east, including the Yangtze (central), the Huang He (Yellow river, north-central), and the Amur (northeast), and sometimes toward the south (including the Pearl River, Mekong River, and Brahmaputra), with most Chinese rivers emptying into the Pacific Ocean. In the east, along the shores of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea there are extensive and densely populated alluvial plains. On the edges of the Inner Mongolian plateau in the north, grasslands can be seen. Southern China is dominated by hills and low mountain ranges. In the central-east are the deltas of Chinas two major rivers, the Huang Heand Yangtze River. Most of Chinas arable lands lie along these rivers, and they were the centers of Chinas major ancient civilizations. Other major rivers include the Pearl River, Mekong, Brahmaputra and Amur. Yunnan Province is considered a part of the Greater Mekong Subregion, which also includes Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. [47] In the west, the north has a great alluvial plain, and the south has a vast calcareous tableland traversed by hill ranges of moderate elevation, and the Himalayas, containing Earths highest point, Mount Everest. The northwest also has high plateaus with more arid desert landscapes such as the Takla-Makan and the Gobi Desert, which has been expanding. During many dynasties, the southwestern border of China has been the high mountains and deep valleys of Yunnan, which separate modern China from Burma, Laos and Vietnam. The Paleozoic formations of China, excepting only the upper part of the Carboniferous system, are marine, while the Mesozoic and Tertiary deposits are estuarine and freshwater, or else of terrestrial origin. Groups of volcanic cones occur in the Great Plain of north China. In the Liaodong and Shandong Peninsulas, there are basaltic plateaus. Part II CONTRIBUTIONS Society. Hundreds of ethnic groups have existed in China throughout its history. The largest ethnic group in China by far is the Han. This group, however, is internally diverse and can be further divided into smaller ethnic groups that share similar traits. Over the last three millennia, many previously distinct ethnic groups in China have been Sinicized into a Han identity, which over time dramatically expanded the size of the Han population. However, these assimilations were usually incomplete, and vestiges of indigenous language and culture still often remain in various regions of China. Because of this, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and cultural traditions while still identifying as Han. Several ethnicities have also dramatically shaped Han culture, e. g. the Manchurian clothing called the qipao became the new Chinese fashion after the 17th century, replacing earlier Han styles of clothing such as the Hanfu. The modern term Chinese nation (Zhonghua Minzu) is now used to describe a notion of a Chinese nationality that transcends ethnic divisions. China has over 50 minority groups. Each group has different languages, customs, and traditions. Gap between the Rich and the Poor. The Chinese society was structurally complex and not much is known about it. Research is still on. Life in old Chinese society on a normal working day was hard and industrious for the farmers while luxurious and laid back for nobles and merchants. There was a wide demographic gap between the farmers and kings and nobles. The farmers were far more in population as compared to nobles. They were economically exploited and were made to work very hard. The nobles lived in luxurious palaces while the farmers in China survived in small huts. Naturally the nobles were highly regarded and lived with great riches. Religion. There are three main religions in China. They are Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. They were suppressed by the CCP during the 20th century, but they are still alive and penetrating the minds of Chinese today. These religions are all widespread, and aside from other world religions, they all originated in China. Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial Chinas history, and mastery of Confucian texts was the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy. Chinas traditional values were derived from various versions of Confucianism. A number of more authoritarian strains of thought have also been influential, such as Legalism. There was often conflict between the ideas and philosophies, for example, the Song Dynasty Neo-Confucians believed Legalism departed from the original spirit of Confucianism. Examinations and a culture of merit remain greatly valued in China today. In recent years, a number of New Confucians (not to be confused with Neo-Confucianism) have advocated that democratic ideals and human rights are quite compatible with traditional Confucian Asian values. With the rise of European economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, non-Chinese systems of social and political organization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers totally rejected Chinas cultural legacy, while others sought to combine the strengths of Chinese and European cultures. In essence, the history of 20th-century China is one of experimentation with new systems of social, political, and economic organization that would allow for the reintegration of the nation in the wake of dynastic collapse. Economics. By roughly 10,000 BCE, in the Neolithic Era, agriculture was practiced in China. Stratified bronze-age cultures, such as Erlitou, emerged by the third millennium BCE. Under the Shang (ca. 1600–1045 BCE) and Zhou (1045–771 BCE), a dependent labor force worked in large-scale foundries and workshops to produce bronzes and silk for the elite. The agricultural surpluses produced by the manorial economy supported these early handicraft industries as well as urban centers and considerable armies. This system began to disintegrate after the collapse of the Western Zhou Dynasty in 771 BCE, preceding the Spring and Autumn and Warring states eras. As the feudal system collapsed, much legislative power was transferred from the nobility to local kings. A merchant class emerged during the Warring States Period, resulting in increased trade. The new kings established an elaborate bureaucracy, using it to wage wars, build large temples, and perform public works projects. This new system rewarded talent over birthright; important positions were no longer occupied solely by nobility. The adoption of new iron tools revolutionized agriculture and led to a large population increase during this period. By 221 BCE, the state of Qin, which embraced reform more than other states, unified China, built the Great Wall, and set consistent standards of government. [5] Although its draconian laws led to its overthrow in 206 BCE, the Qin institutions survived. During the Han Dynasty, China became a strong, unified, and centralized empire of self-sufficient farmers and artisans, though limited local autonomy remained. The Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE) brought additional economic reforms. Paper money, movable type, the compass, and other technological advances facilitated communication on a large scale and the widespread circulation of books. The state control of the economy diminished, allowing private merchants to prosper and a large increase in investment and profit. Despite disruptions during the Mongol conquest of 1279, the Ming Dynasty continued the Songs economic development. However, when the isolationist Qing Dynasty came into power, Chinas economic development began to slow. Europes rapid development during the Industrial Revolution enabled it to surpass China—an event known as the great divergence. Trade with foreign nations on a large scale began during the reign of Emperor Wu, when he sent the explorer Zhang Yi to contact nations west of China in search of allies to fight the Xiongnu. After the defeat of the Xiongnu, however, Chinese armies established themselves in Central Asia, starting the famed Silk Road, which became a major avenue of international trade Paper and Printing. The greatest Chinese discoveries of all times which the whole world accepts even today are the art of paper making, printing, gun powder and magnetic compass. Paper making was an art which developed in ancient China and they used silk, cloth, bark, fiber and hemp. Later during the Han Dynasty, about 1800 years ago, paper making was refined and was being made from hemp and bark and later from bamboo. Printing technology was invented in ancient China as far back as the 8th century and by 868 they were using wood block printing which was used to print the first book in the world. Advancement in the technology came by 11th century when movable ceramic printer was invented during the rule of the Song Dynasty. By the time the Tang dynasty came to power in ancient China, printing and paper making techniques had prompted the invention of books and book shops in the cities. Compass and Gun Powder. The invention of these two had put ancient China in the fore front in terms of scientific discovery and development. The compass was extremely useful for trade and sea travel. Here they used magnets to magnetize a pointer made of iron. Later the western world borrowed the technique for the navigation on the sea. Gun powder was invented by accident when the ancient Chinese found that throwing some types of mineral powders in the fire produces color and sparkling flame. They used the technology for making fireworks. Later the same gunpowder changed the art of modern warfare when it was used by the European powers against their enemies. Politics and Government. Ancient China had monarchy, i. e. government headed by an emperor and a royal family. Chinese rulers also called monarchs based their government on the Confucian model, which taught that the ruler was a virtuous man who led by example†¦ Despotic leadership. China like many other countries at that time was an agriculture based country with the river Yangtze as its lifeline. During the ancient period the king would be the leader and would be more of a dictator than a king for the people who would take decisions beneficial to them. He has un-surpassing power in all areas be it economy or governance or agriculture which was the livelihood of the people. Earliest incident of despotic leadership could probably be traced back to the Hsia dynasty (2200 – 1750 BC) when the emperor Yao picked Shun as his successor to help his people who were burdened by the regular floods. Enlightened Leadership. Shun can be given credit for being an enlightened leader, but he was very harsh on his people. He could put any of his people to death if they did not agree with his leadership. Other punishments included using whip, stick and fines for small offences. He was succeeded by Yu, who founded Hsia, the first dynasty. During this dynasty the Chinese government or the emperor employed huge labor to work under four groups: military, farming, construction workers and textile labor. Textile labor were given the task of weaving silk thread by hand to make clothes for the royal family, construction work included public work such as building wall, enlarging canals for agriculture etc. Military. Ancient China was most of the time caught in battles against the Huns or the invaders. In military the casualty was very high, because at that time it was quiet common to have mass warfare killing thousands at the same time; ordinary soldiers were simply treated as pawns by the king and other leaders. Shan Dynasty (1750-1040 BC) was ruthless when it came to battles, they even made the whole family fight in battles together because he believed they would fight better with each other. Position of Women. The Shan Dynasty followed the philosophy of Yin and Yan and believed in giving lesser role to women in the society as compared to men. Women were not given opportunities and were treated as inferior. Efforts to reform the Chinese Government. The Chou Dynasty (1040 -256 BC) tried to bring improvements in the government after the corrupt Shan Dynasty and tried to employ the feudal system. This new form of government in ancient China collapsed and ended up with Warring states period (403- 221 BC). Furthermore, corrupt emperors caused the country to fall apart into a continuous war like situation. It was after these that the enlightened Qin Dynasty ruled, which tried to reform and unified the country and builds the Great Wall of China. The Ancient Chinese Government was more of Despotism rather than Enlightened Monarchy which works for the betterment of the people. Legal Systems. Many of the ancient legal systems were considered to be harsh by modern day standards. When societies were beginning to establish civil order and a government hierarchy often many premises seemed extreme; for example, Hammurabi’s Code and the eye for an eye principle or the torture practices common in Medieval Europe. Although, modern China may be suspected of human rights abuses, Ancient China’s legal system was based on morals and the inherent good of the citizens. The Ancient Chinese legal system evolved through the principles of Confucianism and Legalism along with the traditions and morals of Ancient Chinese life. Confucianism. Confucianism as a philosophy gained prominence in the early existence of Ancient China. The Confucian philosophy believed that social control and social order could only be created through education. Confucianism influenced the Ancient Chinese legal system as it believed that humans were inherently good and that order was based on respect for the King and one’s fellow man. The early legal system of Ancient China was as a result, hesitant to utilize codified or written law. This was because codified laws served to tell people what to do without explaining the reasoning. Instead of codified law, the legal system of Ancient China was initially intended to be secondary to moral reasoning. It was believed under Confucianism that by ruling through traditions, norms, and morals that those who broke the accepted conditions would be ashamed and ostracized from society. Over time however, it became clear that in some circumstances people’s self-interest would differ from society. It was because of this that the premises of Confucianism were mixed with those of Legalism to form the first codified law in Ancient China. Legalism. Legalism in contrast to Confucianism was based on the concept that humans were predisposed to evil or wrongdoing. This belief led to the understanding that codified law and punishments were needed in order to maintain order in society. When Ancient China began to incorporate these principles into their legal system a focus was placed on the ruler. It was important to these principles that the ruler remained above the law so that his word could act as a guide. It was also important to Legalism that a ruler was respected so that his laws and punishments were seen as just. As Ancient China’s legal system evolved it remained important that the law had the respect of the people and that the people understood the traditions. Important Principles. Ancient China’s legal system is one of the oldest legal traditions and yet unlike modern day systems there was no separation between civil and criminal law. The legal system of Ancient China was structured around the ruler being able to unify society’s interests while maintaining respect. This premise is why any crimes against the ruler received no mercy. After the ruler in Ancient China the family was held in the highest regard; this is why crimes against the family were considered one of the greatest offences. In general Ancient China’s legal system attempted to enforce filial piety, to uphold the respect of family ancestors, to avoid legal action when possible, to create deterrents to actions and to control outbursts. In comparison, to many other early legal systems, China’s system was relatively relaxed and centered on the citizens rather than government mandates. Ancient China’s legal system was founded on the traditions of the society it was meant to control allowing the system to evolve into the present day Culture. Daily life in Ancient China is as mysterious as it is old. The ancient Chinese were master creators, artists, craftsmen and warlords. They created paper, gunpowder for battles, matches, cannons, compass, umbrellas and many more. They created many artifacts. They developed many martial arts and other art forms such as calligraphy. They used coins with holes in them. As there were no banks at that time they used to collect the money through strings in the coins. Ancient China was ruled by many dynasties and was constantly plagued with war. The peasants celebrated spring which was a very important festival in their life. It was celebrated during spring to welcome a good harvest and good fortune. Usually young men and women paired up and sang and danced. Like today, even in ancient China the Dragon was a sign of good luck. Chinese art is well known throughout the world. Its painting and calligraphy established the guiding principals by which other civilizations would emulate. In Chinese art, each object has its own subjective meaning, and can be interpreted in many ways. To the Chinese, color and form are not just words, but are a part of what makes them a unique people; there ability to surround themselves with beautiful architecture and lavish technique know no bounds. People around the world love Chinese food, and so they should. Lots of tradition and care has gone into some of todays finest and most famous dishes. In addition, Chinese medicine has been around for centuries, but only recently has it become a new, and almost baseline treatment, for common ailments such as headaches and fevers. Ancient Chinese Paintings. There are very few remains of paintings of ancient times except on ceramic and tiles, a clear historic development can be traced only after 5th century AD. Hundreds of caves of Buddhist wall paintings and scrolls dating back to late 5th century AD have been discovered. A highly organized system of representing objects was discovered different from the western perspective; the greatest strength of this art is its incomparable mastery of lines and silhouette. The art of figure painting reached it’s height during the Tang Dynasty, which also saw the rise of the great art of landscape painting executed as brush drawings with color washes Chinese Music and Poetry. Ancient Chinese music can be traced back to Neolithic age based on the discovery of bone flutes. Poetry and Music were influenced by the Book of Song, Confucius and the Chinese poet and statesman Qu Yuan. In the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties music was only for the royal families and dignitaries, entering the mainstream only in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty ,Kunqu, the oldest form of Chinese opera developed and it was during this time that the writers and artists came up with new form of lyric poetry –Ci. Other Art Forms. There were other forms of art apart from the ones mentioned above during ancient times in China like Seals, Calligraphy, Embroidery, kite making, paper cutting and shadow puppetry. Ancient Chinese culture boasts of glorious forms of Art and traditional crafts which are just two of the many jewels in China’s 5000 year history.

Introduction To The Global Tourism Hospitality Tourism Essay

Introduction To The Global Tourism Hospitality Tourism Essay travel and tourism, lodging, assemble and event management, restaurant and managed serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Walker 2009. On the whole, these components have interrelated nature because they support each other, together aim at a common target: best customer service. The outstanding characteristics of hospitality and tourism industry are: long working hours and people have to work in shifts. The most important feature of this sector is that it focuses heavily on customers satisfaction but it is also intangible and perishable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Walker, 2009). As a result, in order to be successful in this highly competitive industry, managers should consider several factors to ensure the success for their hotels, such as: customers focus, understanding of the role of the guest contact employees; weave a service culture into education and training system (Walker, 2009). On the other hand, the severity of the market and the economy crisis also encouraged hotel creating the alliance and association to be more successful. For example, Global Hotel Alliance (GHA) is a collection of 15 upscale and luxury regional hotel brands from across the world. Choose from 300 hotels, palaces and resorts in 52 countries around the world, each one reflecting the distinctive culture and traditions of their locations (Walker, 2009). They can gain more profits and saving by sharing the promotions and making chain services between members. I think in the normal condition, when the social, economic and political environment is stable, hotels tend to compete with each other to expand their markets as well as to generate more revenue. However, when the external environment encounters any changes, such as the recent economic crisis, hotels might want to cooperate to help each other overcome troubles. . In the future, hoteliers have to deal with several unprecedented issues such as short booking window or develop mobile booking, which never happened in the past (Hotels, 2011). There are more and more new technologies applied in hospitality and tourism to increase productivity and optimize the strategy. The hi-tech equipment will also attract the Y generation who rely much on those devices daily. Exercise 1 The image Umbrella might symbolize for the square of flat and the speed of opening umbrella. As shown above, Hospitality Industry is a wide segment, which contains many relevant sub majors. It is even said that under the umbrella of travel and tourism, countless professions are necessary to meet the needs and wants of people away from home (Walker 2009). All of these majors one by one continually provide customers with necessary services when they are away from home. For instance, people might need a car to travel (Travel and Tourism majors task), then they might want to book a room at 4 star hotel to sleep (Lodging service). After that customers want to visit a park (Recreation service) and finally they book a table at their hotel to have dinner (Restaurant service). I think in the future, with the development of technology, people will know more about their options and they might have new desire. Thus there will be more professions under the umbrella of hospitality and tourism and they may attach more closely through electronic devices to each other. Exercise 2 VIETNAM Figure 1.The number of tourists from 2008 2010 in Vietnam (Source: General statistics Office of Vietnam) In the graph, the data of outbound customers in Vietnam was not shown for several reasons. The number of tourist growth significant from 2008 to 2010. There is a slight decrease in inbound data in 2009 around 1.5 millions visitors while the figure of domestic rapidly raised more than 3 millions visitors per year. In fact, only the data on international visitors to Vietnam are published monthly, and data on domestic and total revenue from tourism is often only reported in the six months of the annual meeting of the industry. Deputy General Director of the General Statistics Office said Tran Thi Hang, program surveys, national statistics, the new unit every 2-3 years she expenditure survey of international visitors to Vietnam, domestic tourists foreign and domestic travel once.(Chile, 2012). Lacking information might prevent the authorities from making policy plan as well as prediction about the long term and short-term development of tourism and the development of market. As a result, the government might not control the domestic tourism and outbound like taxing, foreign exchange, support the customers right, responsibilities of travel agents, hotels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. AUSTRALIA Figure 1. The number of tourists from 2008 2010 in Australia (Sources: Tourism Research Australia, 2012; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011; Overseas Arrivals and Departures, 2012) As can be seen, the tourism market of Australia was stable with slight decreases. The total number of tourists in 2008 was 81,495,000 visitors while there were 79,793,000 visitors in 2010. Meanwhile, the number of Vietnam tourism market rose dramatically over a period of 3 years. In 2008 and 2009, the tourism sector of Australia was influenced slightly by the economy crisis. However, the data of inbound and domestic customers in Vietnam kept increasing steadily. From my perspective, during the difficult time of economy, people want to redirect their destinations to developing countries to save money. Table .1 Compare the Employment in tourism by sectors Vietnam (2010) Australia (2010) Direct labour 434, 240 513,900 Accommodation and food services 207,600 232,400 Travel agency and transport 65,800 92,500 Indirect labour 955,350 393,400 Other services 160,840 189,000 Total 1,389,600 907,300 (Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2011 and Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011; Tourism Research Australia, 2012) As can be seen, the total number of people working in Hospitality segment in Vietnam is much higher than the number of Australia (around 1,4 million and 900 thousand respectively). However, the number of direct labour of Vietnam is lower than Australias (434 thousand and 513 thousand). On the other hand, Vietnam has more people contribute indirectly to hospitality industry than Australia has (about 955 thousand and 393 thousand). In my opinion, Vietnamese labour force is much abundant than that of Australia and this matter might lead to both strong points and drawbacks. First of all, as for the advantages, hospitality industry might have cheap labour cost, which save them a lot of expense. However, the labour force in Vietnam is not equal in quality and easy to be replaced. TOPIC 2 CURRENT ISSUES FOR THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY A brief history Four Season Hotel From a small hotel opened in Toronto, Canada, Four Season Corporation becomes a great international hotel group, which provides the most luxurious and satisfactory services to customers. In this exercise, I would like to outline the development and expansion of Four Season globally. Canada In 1961 the first Four Seasons hotel opened at Toronto, Canada by Issy Sharp England In 1970, Inn on the Park London (later renamed Four Seasons Hotel London) opened. USA In 1976, the Four Seasons officially enter the American market Maui In 1990, Four Seasons launched its first tropical resort, in Maui. Asia In 1992 Four Seasons started their expansion to Asia with the first hotel opened in Tokyo. In 2002 Four Seasons entered Chinese market with the hotel in Shanghai. In May 2008, Four Seasons marked its entry into the Indian market Middle East In 2000, launched the first hotel in the Middle East (Four Seasons Cairo).There followed a prominent extension in the region. Four Season Hotel today As shown above, Four Seasons step by step expand its operation and influences to the international hospitality industry. Nowadays, Four Seasons exist in almost continental and one of the most potential markets is Asia since Asian market is developing and it is going to be the biggest market by 2020 (Amadeus report November 2012) . Evaluation Currently, with 88 hotels and resorts in 35 countries, Four Seasons has strong reputation, which provides high level services delivered by well -trained staff. I think that one of the reasons make Four Seasons become distinctive among competitors is the responsibility to bring new experience to customers. For example, Four Seasons is going to introduce the first Around-The-World by Private Jet tour trip, a brand new, unique service to customers (Four Seasons Corporate Newsletter A September 28, 2012). Four Seasons Hotel group has huge impacts to the global business world in terms of innovative service and technological progress. For example, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts has been ranked number one in Digital IQ Index: Hotels report for the appliance of digital platform (Four Seasons Corporate Newsletter B September 28, 2012). The main global challenges Speaking of the global strategies, I believe that proving the memorable experiences for guests and quality relationships with employees and business partners (According to Michael D. Johnson, the Cornell Hospitality Hotel Schools dean) and following its living values are two of the major strategies that Four Seasons apply. The living values include: supporting sustainability, building communities and advancing cancer research. TOPIC 3 OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES AND THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR Discussion questions The different hotel ownership options Hotel ownership options Advantages Disadvantages Owned by a single entity or group that has hired a hotel management company to operate the property A qualified and experienced manager operates the properties. Hotel owners and management companies might conflict. Lower benefit for owners. A hotel chain Existing good reputation, operation manners, staff training. Hotel chain has the same standard quality of services and products. Require huge initial resources The different hotel in chain might compete with each other. A major change in hotel chains need a lot of money and time. A franchise The products and services have already been developed and have reputation. The franchisee used the logo, slogan, marketing and financial assistance of the franchisor to start the business, old market, a network of loyal and low-priced supplies. The cost opening a franchise need a lot of money for brand, signage,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If your franchise decides to go through a major change. A franchisee may be required to upgrade facilities and signage, all at your expense. Reputation: Name recognition is one of the biggest advantages in purchasing a franchise. If the brands reputation suffers for any reason, however, the franchisees also suffer from poor consumer perception. Limited growth potential: a franchisee cannot franchise an operation and must look instead to purchasing additional franchises. City Hotels in Sydney: Shangri-La Hotel, Four Seasons Hotel, Sheraton, InterContinentalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Resort Hotels in Sydney: Old Sydney Park royal, Parramatta Apartments, Park Lodge Hotel, Renaissance Sydney Hotel, Waldorf Apartment Hotel, Waldorf East Sydney, Woolloomooloo Waters Hotelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Pricing differences for accommodation packages The price for Residential Hotels accommodation package includes: + Room service, maid service, laundry facilities. + Cooking facilities, especially for children. The price for All Suite Hotels accommodation package includes: + Room service, maid service, laundry facilities. + Separate bedroom and living areas and full kitchen + Housekeeping service + Food and beverage services are available through room service. The price for Resort Hotels accommodation package includes: + Accommodation with full experiments. + Full facilities such as massage and salon treatment, swimming pool, scuba diving, climbing mountainsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ + Food and beverage service or restaurants with many of choices. City Center Hotels: + Room service, maid service, breakfast. + Food and beverage service in restaurants Airport Hotels: + Room service, maid service, breakfast. Motels: + Accommodation with full furniture. Transient Hotels: + Room service, maid service, breakfast. Bed and Breakfast. + Room service, breakfast. The typical guest mix of two types hotel The city centre hotels have certain advantages like: + Convenient locations + A variety of accommodation rooms + Food and beverage outlets depending on demand and customers + Facilities like gift shops, swimming pools, spa and sauna à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ + Convention facilities such as conference rooms, convention equipment The customers of city centre hotels: + Corporate individuals + The senior corporate groups + Leisure customers + Convention and/or association groups + Tour groups + Government and military travellers + Regional getaway or weekend travellers. The city centre hotels have some advantages like: + Rooms with full amenities + Providing room service, maid service, laundry facilities + Full equipped with cooking facilities and recreational facilities for children Residential hotels guest mix might include: + Long-term stay guests: military or government employees + Leisure travellers or back packers Compare cruise ships and resort hotels There are many similarities of cruise ships and resort hotels that make people think cruise is floating resort. Both cruise ships and resort hotels aim at customers who want enjoy a long period holiday. Their infrastructures of cruise ships and resort hotels are the combination of different buildings and facilities inside their areas, such as rooms, restaurants, swimming pool, spa and sauna area, entertains areaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Both cruise ships and resort hotels activities rely on climate and season However, there are many differences between these two kinds of hotels and compare with their expectation to choose the most suitable one for them. Firstly, the experience between cruise ships and resort hotels is so different. The cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages. An advantage to choosing a cruise line is the unique experience of sailing from island to island(Banks, n.d ). The view from a private balcony on a cruise ship is enough to make anyone feel like a world traveller. Cruise ship spends most of its time on the ocean, customers can entertain many activities which is provided free facilities. It is available both day and night and is generally more engaging than the entertainment that is offered at an all-inclusive resort (Banks, n.d ). The customers can sleep the night away while they are traveling to the next destination, leaving they refreshed to embark on a new adventure(Banks, n.d ). One disadvantage to choosing an all-inclusive resort is that customer will only see one destination(Banks, n.d ). The entertainment at an all-inclusive resort is also usually less diverse than a cruise ship(Banks, n.d ). However, experience of resort might be the favourable climate and wide range of recreational activities(Banks, n.d ). Resort hotels are often located at comfortable climate regions such as beaches, hills or mountains(Banks, n.d ). Consequently, cruise ships and resort aim at different groups of customers, who have different demand in terms of, experience, services Case study: The case study presents the strategy of Royal Hotel about a renovation program. This hotel had a loyal clientele and ranked as a top of the line property. Hotel do not want to take the risk of losing customers to competitors then managers decided to remain open and keep in operation any rooms or portions of the hotel which did not have to be shut down for construction. Those problems is the cause that the customers complaint about ongoing construction in public areas and hallways, along with the attendant dust, confusion, and noise. In this situation, some necessary solutions should be given including: Isolating construction areas from the rest of the building by signs, advertising background in order to separate the working areas of builders from areas for customers. Minimizing the impact of noise, dust, and construction materials. Increasing organizational activities, events to disperse the attention of customers from the repairing areas. Increasing promotion and other benefits for customers who were affected by the refurbishment. The conditions needed for the solution include the promotional programs and the budget for negotiation with customers in particular situations. Besides, the renovation program should be speeded up to reduce noise and affects to customers. TOPIC 4 ROOMS DIVISION AN OVERVIEW FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Reading This article proposes a resort classification system which provide definition stating minimum qualifications for a resort and proposes a classification system based on range and scope of amenities (Brey 2011). However, there are many categorizing resorts made by national governments About the definition, Focusing on resorts as real estate developments, a definition by Schmitz et al. (2008) requires three primary characteristics: inclusion in master-planned real estate developments, proximity or easy access to significant amenities, and lodging(Brey 2011). In an effort to standardize a diverse group of resorts, the Organization of American States (OAS) placed minimum structural and supplementary requirements to unite individual rating systems throughout the Caribbean (Caribbean Innkeeper 2007). While these clarification activities have successfully served a specific purpose, they lack industry-wide application As for classification, the first category, destination resort, serve as the primary motivation to visit a destination and have characteristically high levels of service(Brey 2011). Next, intermediate resort, typically located in a rural location, provides a range of activities and amenities that is not as comprehensive as what is found at destination resorts. Lastly, specialized resort, can be found in any location and provide a focused experience around one signature amenity or anchor attribute. We can see the important role of classification its helps the managers can control, evaluate and and make strategy plan for their resort. The online travel agents bring to the hotel many benefits and drawbacks, they are also important distribution channel to make hotels inventory available to global audience. Hospitality providers want to use technology to distribute their inventory directly, it is impossible to deny the role of online travel agent currently. Many hotel bookings are implemented through online travel agents and online tools. As for advantages, the relationship between hotels and the online travel agents called LOVE. Online intermediaries have evolved to cover different models, reach different market. Hotels and online travel agent need each other, hotel need agent to drive demand and agent need hotels to offer services. Both sides need each other, both hotels and the online travel agents develop and rely on each other to develop. However, hotels loss the power to contribute by themselves, they must share more commissions to pay for agent then fewer profitability. That is the reason why hotels HATE the online travel agents. The love hate relationship seems to be most intense between large hotel group and large online travel agents. Since the large hotel create a monopoly amongst online agents. In general, online travel agents and intermediaries are now essential part of the industry and as for the hotel, an absolute necessity. Revenue management and sales staff have close relation with each other because they together make decisions regarding rate, accept group business and forecast. However, they can foster better coordination to minimize the misunderstanding and understand thoroughly the others main tasks. We understand in some ways that revenue management team include sales and revenue management personnel. One way to improve group revenue management functions is to expand the collabouration of sales and revenue management personnel, particularly in pricing (Cross, Higbie, and Cross 2009) and forecasting (Milla and Shoemaker 2008). Revenue management team are responsible for: Whether to accept a group offer and forecast room block utilization to ensure that rooms will be filled or released for sale to transient guests. Although having the frequency of formal meetings, the two respondent groups are still having certain informal meetings. With regard to formal meetings, the highest mentioned frequencies were daily or one or two times per week. The informal meeting to help communication between the revenue management and sales functions better. Case Study: The case study describes the new position for Morgan Black in the Coug Inn. The Cougar- Inn is in a remote location near local university, with 150-room full-service property with several medium-sized conference rooms. After observing, Morgan Black found out some problems of the front desk: the check-in process which still in the traditional process and the poor communication between housekeeping and the font desk. Morgan wants to use the automated property management system, however the front desk manager do not think it is worth money In my opinion, Morgan should consider a number of issues like employee habit, the ability to budget for the system and the adaptation of employees to work with systems. The proposed check-in time of the font desk Morgan need to determine whether the front desk clerks really need more time to arrange check-in. Which the crunch time which because of the reservation process or complex reservation form or poor communication between the parts such as front desk, reservation and housekeeping by the language or the process? Morgan should present the solutions for the communication issue between housekeeping and the font desk. There is the needed aware of communication between each department. The international language must be English for business and the hotel should have training English and automated property management system. The manager of housekeeping should have rules to encourage staff using English in work. On the other hand, using automated property management system will help to minimize the mistake in communication; the transmitted information will be more accurate. In the easier way, Morgan should hire new employee who can use international business English in workplace. The final decision requires the participation of the corporate office, the font desk, reservation and housekeeping. The corporate office will control the budgets, who will decide where the money comes and which is worth for investment. The font desk are the staff for a long time and the corporate office needs to give their ideas and advice before any methods are implemented. The housekeeping must concern for understanding their role in new property management system. Topic 5 Food and Beverage The two basic types of beer and three Australian common brands Beer is generally categorized into types according to the type of yeast used during fermentation. Ales are beers that use top-fermenting yeast, while lagers are those that use bottom-fermenting yeast. The choice of yeast provides the beer different characteristics, which can alter the look and taste of the brew (Richard, 2007 ) The two types of beer are also different in other ways. For instance, ales are fermented in a warmer temperature, which is why it takes a shorter amount of time to ferment. On the other hand, lagers are fermented in moderate temperatures. The warm fermentation temperature also gives ales a nutty or fruity taste. Ale Lager Thousands of years old Relatively new Fermented warm Fermented cold Top fermentation Bottom fermentation Yeast Saccharomyces cervisiae Yeast Saccharomyces Uvarum Quick brew cycle as little as 7 days Longer brew cycle up to several months Usually brewed between 59 77 degrees F Usually brewed between 40 and 55 degrees F Strong, assertive, and more robust in taste Smoother, crisper, and more subtle in taste and aroma Served not too cool, usually 50-55 degrees F, 10-14 degrees C,  sometimes called  cellar temperature. Served cold, usually 40-45 degrees F, 4-7 degrees C. Table 5.1 The differences between Ale and Lager (Source: Richard, 2007 What is the difference between an ale and a lager?) The two major beer producers Carlton United Breweries (CUB) is one of the most iconic beer companies in Australia with our history going back to 1824(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) In 2011, we demerged from our wine arm and became part of the SABMiller group, the second largest brewer in the world. This has allowed us to return to our heritage and core strength as a brewer(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) CUB alcohol beverage sales team services over 17,000 customers across the on-premise and off-premise channels and our national brewing, logistics and sales network delivers to over 20,000 customers including hotels, clubs, liquor stores, restaurants and bars(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Victoria Bitter (VB) has long been Australias favourite beer, and is specially brewed to deliver full flavour when ice cold, making it the ideal beer for the Australian climate(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) VB is a full flavoured, full strength beer at 4.9%; the gentle fruitiness of the aroma compliments the sweet maltiness in the mouth which in turn balances perfectly with the clean hop bitterness of the finish(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,); Crown Lager is Australias premium lager beer(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) It has a creamy fruitiness with a rich, malty mid-palate, bal ­anced with the crisp, clean finish of Pride of Ringwood hops(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Brewed from the finest malt and hops, using CUBs original and unique strain of brewing yeast, extended storage softens, and rounds out, the flavours produced during fermentation, ALC/VOL: 4.9%(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Carlton Draught is a traditional, full-strength lager that is crisp on the mid-palate with a good malt character and smooth full-bodied flavour(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Clean hop bitterness gives the brew a slightly dry finish. Synonymous with the origins of the brewery itself, Carlton Draught is renowned for tasting as fresh as it did the day it was brewed. And its that kind of consistency in taste thats been important to Australians for generations. ALC/VOL: 4.6%(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Miller Genuine Draft is the original easy drinking beer cold filtered four times for a crisp, smooth and refreshing taste. MGD contains no additives or preservatives. ALC/VOL: 4.7%(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Lion is a beverage company that operates in Australia and New Zealand and produces and markets a range of beer, wine, RTDs and spirits(Lion, n.d) Tooheys New is the classic, easy-drinking Australian lager brewed with no artificial additives and no preservatives(Lion, n.d). Its lightly hopped, malty character delivers the perfect balance of bitter and sweet beer flavours XXXX GOLD is a refreshing mid-strength beer that continues the great tradition of FOUREX brewing heritage, by being brewed with the finest Australian malt, barley and unique golden cluster hops. XXXX GOLD has a balanced, smooth flavour and body, complimented by mild bitterness and a trace of sweetness from the extra malt.(Lion, n.d) Hahn premium beer is only as good as its ingredients. Thats why our pioneering team scoured the globe to assemble three special hops, one of which is grown in Germany on the Hersbruck Hills, north of Munich. Its that unwillingness to settle for anything but the best that makes Hahn Premium.(Lion, n.d) James Squire is produced by the Malt Shovel Brewery in Sydney. The beer is named after the convict brewer James Squire, who is claimed to have created Australias first commercial brewery.The brewery has won various awards including: Champion Australasian Brewery, 2000 and 2003 (Australian International Beer Awards),[14] and Best Bohemian-Style Pilsener, 2008 (World Beer Cup)(Lion, n.d) The boutique breweries Boutique breweries :A small brewery, generally producing fewer than 10,000 barrels of beer and ale a year and frequently selling its products on the premises. Also called microbrewery. Three Australian boutique beers include: Carlton and United Breweries owned by Fosters Group Main Beers: VB, Crown Lager, Carlton Draught, Pure Blonde and Reschs Pilsener Tooheys owned by Lion Nathan Main Beers: Tooheys New, Tooheys Old and Tooheys Extra Dry Castlemaine Perkins owned by Lion Nathan Main Beers: XXXX Bitter, XXXX Gold, XXXX Light, XXXX Summer Bright Lager The most popular overseas beers Heineken is a pale lager beer with 5% alcohol by volume produced by the Dutch brewing company Heineken International. Aroma: A slight bit of sweet graininess and no hop aroma. As the beer warms up there is more of a malt character present. Again, unlike the almost undrinkable bottle version, the can has the aroma of a nice to style lager. Appearance: Just like it should be, a light gold colour and crystal clear. Head retention is white and does not persist. Flavour: Nice and dry, but crisp. There is a definite yeast character that seems to work well with the slight hop bitterness. No hop flavour to speak of. No dactyl, and there is a definite carbonic bite from the carbonation. Overall: A very drinkable beer that benefits from being packaged in a light and oxygen free can. Modelo Especial: It is an American lager produced by the produced by Grupo Modelo in 1925 Aroma: Light struck, of course. Other than the skunk, some bready, thin malt profile. Sweet mildly bitter grains, corn. Appearance: Pale yellow. High clarify. Lots of rising bubbles. No lacing. Flavour: Better than the aroma. Mild malt sweetness, corn and maybe rice. Some bitter bite at the end Overall Impression: Very easy to drink, bland and insubstantial San Miguel Pale Pilsen: produced by San Miguel Corporation from Philippines Aroma: aroma of malt sweetness, bit of citrus with

Living in the 1600 and 1700s Essay -- religion, diseases, historical a

Several people who live today have distaste for manual labor, such as farming, making crafts, laundry, or cleaning. However, all of these tasks were included in the list of daily chores for colonial children. While some detest tiring work, others cannot stand boredom. No matter how tired you were, you would still have to go to church once or twice a day on the Sabbath. The only way to get out of work would be getting sick. Because the colonists’ only medicine was from plants, the chances of dying or being scarred for life were high. If living the 1600s and 1700s could be described in one word, it would be tiresome. After all, diseases were as common as air, everyday was spent working or at least being productive in some way, and if there was time for a respite, it would be on the Sabbath, a day dedicated to God. Diseases were common and widespread in the colonies. Countless times, epidemics have struck everywhere, from major cities to small countryside. Characterized by horrid rashes, smallpox was a despised disease that existed throughout history and throughout the colonies. If y...

A Civil Action Essay

‘A Civil Action’ is a legal thriller, well-directed and presented in such a way that manages to create certain mood of extreme anxiety and fear, which all the more increases the tension level to filter throughout the movie. If you think that watching a movie in which lawyers are seen reading doesn’t sound exciting, you will have to give a second thought. The director, Steven Zaillian of ‘A civil action’, has managed to maintain the suspense and thrill throughout the movie. There have been lots of movies based on the water as subject but here water looks so ominous as it never had felt before. Jan Schlichtmann (John Travolta) is a lawyer who is greedy and runs a law firm that has only one aim and that is of getting profitable cases. Right in the first scene, Schlichtmann talks about which would be better for his business, whether a dead black or a dead white or a dead cripple or a dead kid, and while stating all this his voice is subtle cold. The film is all about the case of 12 dead kids who died due to contaminated drinking water, which is because of two main food companies. Schlichtmann accepts this case in order to get a good payoff. Because he believes and says once in the movie, â€Å"A lawyer who feels compassion for his client is worse than a doctor who recoils at the sight of blood†. The lawyer from the food company’s side starts with idiosyncratic and strange way so that Schlichtmann takes him too lightly. And when the trial proceeds, viewers start feeling the excitement and anxiety of what next was going to happen. Schlichtmann is seen gathering information for his case and spending lot of time and resources for the sake of them. So much so that his company runs of fund and they use credit cards, try to et loans and even buy lottery tickets to fight this case. Anne Anderson (Kathleen Quinlan), the spokesperson of the families whose kids died, is seen almost pleading and is quite sympathetic with the families. ‘A Civil Action’ is a story of the case but in the end the question does not arise about that is the winner. Even in the final sequence in the courtroom there is no slowdown as such and finally one feels that it was a story of Schlichtmann who turns to be a considerate human being slowly along with fighting for the case. During this journey he comes in ontact with Jerome Facher who is a strong attorney but always bounces a ball on walls and carries a suitcase that is trodden up. This act of Facher proves to be of assuredness eventually and his appearance itself makes other lawyers nervous. The ending gives the impression of the real creativity of the filmmakers and they don’t leave the viewers behind with a cheap one. So instead of giving any stereotyped ending, the director leaves it in mid-air and the thrill remains till the end. The direction of the movie is so intense that every time water is poured in the glass, a ringe of fear develops in viewer’s mind. In one scene Schlichtmann is standing on a bridge and water is flowing underneath, and the sound effects created here makes the viewer feel as if there is a dead secret in the water itself. Travolta has done an extremely good job and is seen quite convincing and of course very powerful. Travolta portrays the role of a man, who understands in the end that money is not the whole thing, in earnest and effective manner. This film is worth seeing for those who love thriller, which includes palpable suspense and tension throughout.

Leisure and Recreation Essay

Recreation is essential in everyone’s life; it is a special time set aside to do something exciting. There are many benefits which associate with recreation, expert’s advice that one takes time aside from one’s busy schedule to do something which benefits the body, soul and mind. Recreation is a wonderful time to breakaway from everyday routine like work and school. Leisure activities can help improve Family bond, Psychological and Physical needs. Leisure activity is a great way to spend time with one’s family. It is almost a norm in today’s society to have both parents work while kids are taking care of by babysitters or staying in an after school program. Often time when one goes to the park, one can’t help but notice that the children are at the park with either mom or dad, it is rare to find both parents there. Because some parents spend more time at work than with their children, it is important to for them to recreates together. There are many activities family can participate in such as swimming, walking, rafting, or a walk at the park. Leisure time not only improve parents – child relationship, it also improve marriage relationship because parents tend to bond more when one spend time together doing things one enjoy. Families that recreates together are often time more cohesive than their counterparts. One of the psychological benefits of recreation is self-esteem, when children feels good about themselves, one makes positive decision and are more confident this in return makes one more productive in society. Some recreational activities teach children the importance of trust, positive social interaction and the importance of Education. Good news for working parents is that many community programs offer children after school and summer programs for a cheaper price. Yoga is one recreation which is known to promote better health because of the improvement of flexibility, better posture and relaxation. Leisure activities provide people with the opportunity to release energy and emotion in other areas of ones life. Many people find it comforting to volunteer at a homeless shelter or hospital while others enjoy staying home to play crossword puzzle. Physical activity through recreation can be acquired through many things such as walking, running or swimming. For an outdoor type person, a great recreation idea might be a camping trip or rafting. A relaxing choice for many would be spending time by the pool. People who exercise regularly are known to be much happier than the ones who don’t. Physical activity is stimulating and enhances the learning process in children. It is utterly important to start physical leisure early on in a child’s life; it is likely that the child will continue with recreational activity through adulthood. Obesity in kids is contributed by lack of physical activity, it is important for parents to engage kids in activities such as walking, swimming or biking. Staying active can release stress, lower cholesterol and overall improve one’s health. The overall benefits of recreation can help one live longer. Recreation can be done outdoor and indoor, bear in mind that recreation should be something that one enjoys doing. Doctors often recommend leisure activity to patients to improve physical and psychological needs. It is important to keep a positive state of mind; Active living is something that connects the mind, body and soul.

Free Essays on A Room Of Ones Own

A Room of Many Thoughts One of the first things to notice about A Room of One’s Own is that it is not a typical lecture. It rambles and flows back and forth, in and out. It is more narrative than Logic. It breaks many of the conventions of a formal address. Why does Virginia Woolf choose to do this? Why choose this style, this method? One reason is to turn predominantly masculine, or traditional, thinking on its head in order to undermine its authority. There is another reason for her approach, however- one that rises from her most basic ideas about what literature and writing should be and do. Her ideas about what makes for good writing are contained in this text, if indirectly. Understanding these ideas allows the reader to see how she is able to write so convincingly, particularly since there seems to be such a lack of argument involved. Where she does not tell the reader what she thinks, she shows them. She is doing more than simply trying to keep the reader interested with a few colorful descriptions. She is showing us what she values most about writing while at the same time artfully expressing her views on women and fiction. Woolf is a modernist, concerned with illuminating life through the subjective consciousness and its impressions. Her seemingly random details and descriptions, in fact, work together to paint a picture, to leave a skillfully crafted impression upon the reader. She believes the best door to the human mind and heart is through the subjective. She places us inside the minds of others, where we, more often than not, find a little of ourselves. She warns that life must be attended to and navigated without poisoning it with something foreign, something that is not real. This is why she does not structure A Room of One’s Own like a formal argument, intended â€Å"to preach, to proclaim an injury, to pay off a score, to make the world the witness of some hardship or grievance†. Her method is ... Free Essays on A Room Of One's Own Free Essays on A Room Of One's Own The Argument of Virginia Woolf A Room of One’s Own is a story of a women named Mary, she is the narrator of Virginia Woolf and tells the story in first person form. She is a woman in the early 1900’s that realizes how bad and unequal women are treated in society. The purpose of this story is to show how women need to maintain leisure time, money, and a room of her own so that she can become a writer. A major attribute of her writing is not to be discriminated by people in society. Her thesis addresses the problems women face in society. However, that when people read her or essay that they would come to realize that women are able to make many of the same things and ideas as men. A Room of One’s Own culmination of two speeches given by Virginia Woolf at women conferences to speak on the topic of women. She managed to get the point across as the book made many people of the era confused, mad, and unhappy with the speech. The first section of the book took place at â€Å"Oxbridge†, which stands for Oxford and Cambridge Universities. Not to offend or directly point out the sources of people or things, even though it did. She is located by a creek and is pondering women and writing â€Å"thought†¦had let its line down into the stream.†(p.5) Her ideas are representative by a fishing pole in the stream waiting for a tug of an idea by the fish. Before she could reel in the idea that nibbled on the end of the line, she was interrupted by a man named Beadle. Beadle is a university security guard who enforces the rule in which, women are not allowed to be on the grass at the campus. He tells her to move to the gravel were she loses her idea. This is representative of an authority figure trying to keep the female society in order. She is not allowed to enter the library were she wanted to read an idea that had dawned on her in a very sophisticated way. In anger and frustration she s ays â€Å"Never will I ask for that hospi... Free Essays on A Room Of One's Own A Room of Many Thoughts One of the first things to notice about A Room of One’s Own is that it is not a typical lecture. It rambles and flows back and forth, in and out. It is more narrative than Logic. It breaks many of the conventions of a formal address. Why does Virginia Woolf choose to do this? Why choose this style, this method? One reason is to turn predominantly masculine, or traditional, thinking on its head in order to undermine its authority. There is another reason for her approach, however- one that rises from her most basic ideas about what literature and writing should be and do. Her ideas about what makes for good writing are contained in this text, if indirectly. Understanding these ideas allows the reader to see how she is able to write so convincingly, particularly since there seems to be such a lack of argument involved. Where she does not tell the reader what she thinks, she shows them. She is doing more than simply trying to keep the reader interested with a few colorful descriptions. She is showing us what she values most about writing while at the same time artfully expressing her views on women and fiction. Woolf is a modernist, concerned with illuminating life through the subjective consciousness and its impressions. Her seemingly random details and descriptions, in fact, work together to paint a picture, to leave a skillfully crafted impression upon the reader. She believes the best door to the human mind and heart is through the subjective. She places us inside the minds of others, where we, more often than not, find a little of ourselves. She warns that life must be attended to and navigated without poisoning it with something foreign, something that is not real. This is why she does not structure A Room of One’s Own like a formal argument, intended â€Å"to preach, to proclaim an injury, to pay off a score, to make the world the witness of some hardship or grievance†. Her method is ...

Does healthy food prevent obesity

Does healthy food prevent obesity Obesity has been a problem in the United States for some decades; it affects the population across all ages, and income: according to a report by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 34 percent of American adults and 17 percent of American children are believed to be obese; the report further states that the condition is getting worse.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Does healthy food prevent obesity? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite having an obesity policy and engaging in massive campaigns to educate the people on the dangers of being obese, a lasting solution seems not to have been gotten. One way that has been recommended by medical practitioners is healthy eating. This paper, in support of healthy eating as a remedy to obesity, discusses how eating healthy can be a solution to obesity. How eating health can resolve obesity issues in the United States Obesity is accumulation of body fat and weight t o a point that it can cause danger in the life of human being; it is caused by human eating and outdoor activities programs. When human being eats food with high fats and oils contents, they are increasing their fats intake that accumulated in the body. When fat has accumulated in the body, human beings risk the danger of suffering from obesity and other related complications. Junk foods have high fats content and when they are fed on, they result to high accumulation of fats in human body. Checking on what people eat is likely to reduce the chances of being obese; people should aim at eating foods with low food content. â€Å"Supermarket† foods, which are regarded as junks, and fast foods cause the most danger as far as obesity is concerned. They should be avoided at all lengths. Unhealthy food is all over in the United States, they come in different shapes and targets different ages and population in the country; when people eat the foods, they have the tendency of repeatin g the same in the future a factor that further threatens their health. The right food for a good health life is well-balanced food; every nutrient should be represented in the diet in a good position depending with the level of activities that a person is going to involve. Organic foods are highly recommended, they have low fat content thus they cannot lead to obesity. To instill the discipline of eating healthy, mothers should train their children on the right meals, at infancy; they should be kept off junk foods and in-organic foods as possible.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current moves to genetically modified foods is also a major contributor to the growth of obesity among the Americans, the government should control their consumption. One reason why there are increased junk foods eating habits is the growth of fast foods and restaurants, the government sho uld ensure that these places of eating should be controlled. Other than eating healthy foods, the challenge can also be attached by a combination of eating healthy and engaging in a number of exercises (outdoor) activities. This will assist burning the calories of food and reduce chances of being obese. Conclusion Obesity continues to be a challenge to Americans; to get a remedy for the disease, the government, parents, communities, and patients should join efforts and promote healthy eating habits. At all lengths, junk foods and foods with high fat /oil contents should be avoided; the government has the role of controlling fast food and restaurants businesses. Parents should train their children right eating habits from infancy.

Attribution Theory on human health behaviors

Attribution Theory on human health behaviors The analysation of health behavior is grounded on two premises, like in nations where industrialization is more particular, ratio of fatality from main reason of decease is a certain behavior pattern which is changeable (Stroebe and Stroebe 1995). It is now clearly known that people play active part in their health by adapting certain health behaviors like doing exercise and stay away from some others things like smoking, alcohol, drugs etc. For e.g. There is a study conducted in Alameda given 7 features in style of living: no smoking, moderate consumption of alcohol,7-8 hrs sleep every night, doing routine exercise, keeping preferable body weight, restrict snacks and regular breakfast- these altogether link with low morbidity and high long term survival (Belloc and Breslow1972; Belloc1973;Breslow andEnstrom1980) Abstract: Psychologists are interested in beliefs. The essay defines the health related behaviours and shows how behaviours give contributions in different risks to individ uals. It also helps to understand and Improve the health behaviours. It also describe few theoretical models which are helpful in making useful interventions in health behaviours for high risk population. Attribution theory deals with person’s own attributions for the causes of different behaviours. Self efficacy is a person’s confidence to follow up a specific behaviour. Attribution Theory: Firstly Heider (1944, 1958) worked on this theory. Then it is developed by Kelley (1967, 1971) and given a clear theory that attribution is form of given criteria’s: Distinctiveness, Consensus, Consistency over time, Consistency over modality. Kelly present that attributions are formed with these criteria’s. The dimensions of attribution are given below that changes the person’s behaviour : Internal Vs External: Example is that I am not selected for job because I had not given good performance Vs the person took interviewed didn’t like my gender. Stable Vs Unstable: Example is that my failure always follows me Vs I was just fail for that job only. Global Vs Specific: Example is that this failure affects other things in my life Vs not affected other things. Controllable Vs Uncontrollable: Example is that reason for my failure was controllable by myself Vs was not controllable by me. The four factors of attribution theory that act upon motivation in study: Ability: It is internal and stable component on which student have not great direct control. Task difficulty: It is external and stable component which is away from student control. Effort: It is internal and unstable component on which a student can have great control. Luck: It is external and unstable component on which a student has a very less control. Herzlich (1973) talked to 80 people regarding basic cause of health and illness. He found that health seems to be internal and illness found to be thing that received from the outer world. Brickman et al. (1982) recognized betwee n the reason of problem and its workable solution. As an example they verify that an alcoholic person accept the responsibility for becoming an alcoholic because of low willpower (cause), he also trust that with the help of medical treatment he will be recovered (solution).

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example Both learning organizations and complex adaptive systems could be used as frameworks for change in your organization. For instance, creating a culture that encourages support, learning, and critical thinking characteristic of the learning organization model could help employees understand and comprehend the need for respecting the chain of command in your organization (Nesse et-al, 2010). Elizabeth Harrell, I concur with your statement that the way an organization is structured will depict the overall culture of the organization. In this regard, the ways in which communication is conducted within your organization also portrays the culture of the organization (Geller, 2006). Your example of formal communication within your organization is also spot on. The regular meeting you hold every morning to discuss patients issues is an example of formal communication. In my current organization, any form of communication conducted through the official channels such as meetings, memos, and letters is considered formal. Any form of communication conducted through unauthorized means is considered informal. For instance, employees discussions during lunch time breaks on issues pertaining the patients is unauthorized as such informal may easily fall into the wrong hands hence breaching patients confidentiality. This is therefore an example of informal

Importance of Providing Additional Support to the Prisoners, Prison Research Paper

Importance of Providing Additional Support to the Prisoners, Prison Management - Research Paper Example The rate of crime has increased drastically over the years and in the absence of a comprehensive professional and continuous learning and development program, that seeks to enhance the lives of the citizens as a whole, curbing crime and ensuring a safe neighborhood is inconceivable. Statistics reveal that approximately two-thirds of the prisons in England and Wales are stuffed with inmates well beyond their actual capacity. According to the Howard League for Penal Reform, approximately 52, 500 prisoners are stuffed in jails which are overcrowded, similarly, in HMP Preston, 661 prisoners are forced to live in a jail which has a capacity of holding 356 inmates, the worst case by far. (BBC News, 2009). Such staggering statistics call for immediate reformative measures which involve proactive policies to keep people out of jails. This, however, can be achieved only through the adoption and implementation of a wide-ranging program that focuses on providing adequate training to those in ch arge, i.e., the prison officers who are entrusted with the responsibility of providing security, supervising, offering training as well as rehabilitating the offenders through motivation and encouragement. Preventing prisoners from reoffending is one of the key objectives of any criminal justice system. Although punishing the offenders for their crimes, is the most widely accepted tools of justice, punishment alone cannot and does not guarantee a safe and healthy society. In order to create a harmonious environment and safeguard the interests of the general public, it must be ensured that the offenders abstain from indulging in any criminal activities.

The rise and growing role of multinational enterprises from the Asia Essay

The rise and growing role of multinational enterprises from the Asia Pacific in the global economy - Essay Example has been a new industrialisation market and has emerged during the years and has ranked third and is expected to produce a large number of multinationals. The emerging multinationals no longer are interested in being perceived as Korean, Chinese, Japanese or Mexican companies because they tend o be global in each and every respect. They aspire to act global, operate globally, think globally, grow globally and also manage globally. Most of the emerging multinationals are owned by shareholders globally such as about 52% of Samsung is owned by international shareholders, 71% of CEMEX, 57% of Hon Hai and nearly 545 of Infosys and 50% for the multinationals as a group (Agtmael, 2007, p.26). This paper takes into consideration three emerging countries which include Japan, China and Korea. Japan The MNCs in China, Japan and Korea utilises its resources irrespective of its location against it competitors and for its customers. It is not only moving the production facilities to benefit but al so breaking down the internal barriers, in order to benefit from the economies of scope. Japanese consumer electronics companies like Sony and Panasonic announced that in order to grow globally, cultural diversity is a must in the top management. Sony was the first MNC in Japan to appoint a non Japanese director and aims to provide the top job to the managers (Horn & Faulkner, 2010, p. 162). The Japanese firms benefited from the home market as they were protected from the home market as they expanded internationally. The Japanese firms followed organic growth in the process of internationalisation as compared to other emerging multinationals which has adopted different option from strategic alliance to exporting. The Japanese companies had a strategy which was very much different from that... The rise and growing role of multinational enterprises from the Asia Pacific in the global economy The business world is changing and it is witnessing the beginning of the end of the old economic order which for over the years have dominated the economy such as US, UK and Japan. The most important change is the rise of the emerging market multinationals whereas the influence and share of multinationals from the developed countries is on the verge of declining trend. The growth in FDI is due to many various factors and one of the portions of money comes from the developed countries but the emerging countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China have also increased a huge number of FDIs (Capgemini, n.d, p.3). According to a research conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers, companies which are based on South are considered to put an impact on the global economy in the post recession. Firms from China, Korea India accounts for nearly half of the emerging and new multinationals among which China has produced the most number of new companies (PwC, 2010, p. 3). The following graph shows the emerging multinationals in the global economy. The company chosen for discussion is Toyota. The case deals with the globalization strategies of the Japan based Toyota Motors Corporation also known as Toyota which is one of the leading automobile companies globally. This case aims to examine the evolution from being Japan’s number one automobile maker to one of the topmost competitor in the global automobile market by 2003.

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Business Environment - Essay Example 1 5,6 1.3 Explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. 1 6,7 LO2 Understandthe nature of the national environment in which businesses operate. 2.1 Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively. 1 7,8,9,10 2.2 Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organisations and their activities. 1 10,11 2.3 Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a selected organisation. 1 11 LO3 Understand the behaviour of organisations in their market environment. 3.1 Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of businesses. 1 12,13 3.2 Illustrate the way in which market forces shape organisational responses using a range of examples. 1 13 3.3 Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a selected organisation. 1 14 LO4 Be able to assess the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities . 4.1 Discuss the significance of international trade to UK business organisations. 2 15 4.2 Analyse the impact of global factors on UK business organisations 2 15,16, 4.3 Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organisations. ... A business organisation has a boundary, which separates it from its external environment. The main rationale of this assignment is to spot the purposes of business organisation, analyze the criterion used by different types of business organisations to meet the demand of stakeholders, and explain strategies and responsibilities of business organisations, which they use to meet their goals. LO1 Understand the organisational purposes of businesses. Purpose of business organisation      Businesses run to ensure they meet the needs of customers. Therefore, according to many businesses, customers are more essential to a business than stockholders, employees, and managers. Without consumers, entrepreneurs cannot operate businesses (Shorthose & Maycroft 2012, P.33). Therefore, the main principle of business organisation is to ensure that customers experience the best services and are fully satisfied. The organisations vision statement portrays the future state of the organisation. Havin g quality managers and leaders enable a business to create vision and strategy (Fleming 2004, P.4). However, under all business conditions, the purpose of a certain organisation is to ensure that the businesses survive. Business organisation should establish shared values and vision for the businesses (Shorthose & Maycroft 2012, P.35). Business organisation must create mission statement and some commitments to maintain the mission at all the organisational levels. The main purpose of this mission statement is to protect the organisation from being sidetracked and distracted. The mission and values focus on the resources and strategies of the business organisation (Fleming 2004, P.7). The major resources of a business organisation include employees, their experiences, and

Personal Body Image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Body Image - Essay Example The researcher has collected many articles, research papers, and many other publications in the field and used them for a survey. Literature Survey as a method of data collection involves an extensive search for the similar studies across the globe and its careful observation. It includes books, articles, magazines, news paper, any other publications, and indeed internet. The findings observed from the sources are used as such in formulating some meaningful interpretation of the study. Once the researcher finds a useful study, he critically observes it so as to analyze it with reasoning. The study has used many findings put forward by various researchers who have conducted studies of similar nature at various places all over the world. This method requires the reading and comprehending capability as it involves the analytical and reasoning approach to find the varied results of the works. The data collected from earlier studies are arranged logically according to the objectives of th e present study. They are then presented chronologically so as to get a reader a clear picture about the subject matter of the study. The researcher will focus mainly on the findings of the study, which are used to find any deviation from the present study. ... This method requires the reading and comprehending capability as it involves the analytical and reasoning approach to find the varied results of the works. The data collected from earlier studies are arranged logically according to the objectives of the present study. They are then presented chronologically so as to get a reader a clear picture about the subject matter of the study. The researcher will focus mainly on the findings of the study, which are used to find any deviation from the present study. The methods used in the previous studies are manifold and some are overlapping in nature. Important among the previously used methods is the use of measurements that assess the multidimensional nature of body image. Conclusion The study explored the relationship between negative body image and its resultant dissatisfaction among the youth as well as old to effectively find out the factors that make them being suffered from psychopathologies. Body image and body dissatisfaction are important aspects of the self that have been shown to contribute to the development of eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction cannot be limited to youngsters alone; rather it is a common phenomenon felt by any body at any stage of his/her life cycle. Body dissatisfaction is prevalent across the life span that the impact it has on a person's self-esteem may lessen over time. As one grows older, the tolerance is greater in what changes occur in body and the total image. The authors found that men's self-rated attractiveness (e.g., body satisfaction) actually increased as they aged, whereas women's remained the same or decreased. It is interesting that this higher body satisfaction in men is not due to actual differences in physical attractiveness,

The rise and growing role of multinational enterprises from the Asia Essay

The rise and growing role of multinational enterprises from the Asia Pacific in the global economy - Essay Example has been a new industrialisation market and has emerged during the years and has ranked third and is expected to produce a large number of multinationals. The emerging multinationals no longer are interested in being perceived as Korean, Chinese, Japanese or Mexican companies because they tend o be global in each and every respect. They aspire to act global, operate globally, think globally, grow globally and also manage globally. Most of the emerging multinationals are owned by shareholders globally such as about 52% of Samsung is owned by international shareholders, 71% of CEMEX, 57% of Hon Hai and nearly 545 of Infosys and 50% for the multinationals as a group (Agtmael, 2007, p.26). This paper takes into consideration three emerging countries which include Japan, China and Korea. Japan The MNCs in China, Japan and Korea utilises its resources irrespective of its location against it competitors and for its customers. It is not only moving the production facilities to benefit but al so breaking down the internal barriers, in order to benefit from the economies of scope. Japanese consumer electronics companies like Sony and Panasonic announced that in order to grow globally, cultural diversity is a must in the top management. Sony was the first MNC in Japan to appoint a non Japanese director and aims to provide the top job to the managers (Horn & Faulkner, 2010, p. 162). The Japanese firms benefited from the home market as they were protected from the home market as they expanded internationally. The Japanese firms followed organic growth in the process of internationalisation as compared to other emerging multinationals which has adopted different option from strategic alliance to exporting. The Japanese companies had a strategy which was very much different from that... The rise and growing role of multinational enterprises from the Asia Pacific in the global economy The business world is changing and it is witnessing the beginning of the end of the old economic order which for over the years have dominated the economy such as US, UK and Japan. The most important change is the rise of the emerging market multinationals whereas the influence and share of multinationals from the developed countries is on the verge of declining trend. The growth in FDI is due to many various factors and one of the portions of money comes from the developed countries but the emerging countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China have also increased a huge number of FDIs (Capgemini, n.d, p.3). According to a research conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers, companies which are based on South are considered to put an impact on the global economy in the post recession. Firms from China, Korea India accounts for nearly half of the emerging and new multinationals among which China has produced the most number of new companies (PwC, 2010, p. 3). The following graph shows the emerging multinationals in the global economy. The company chosen for discussion is Toyota. The case deals with the globalization strategies of the Japan based Toyota Motors Corporation also known as Toyota which is one of the leading automobile companies globally. This case aims to examine the evolution from being Japan’s number one automobile maker to one of the topmost competitor in the global automobile market by 2003.

Personal Body Image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Body Image - Essay Example The researcher has collected many articles, research papers, and many other publications in the field and used them for a survey. Literature Survey as a method of data collection involves an extensive search for the similar studies across the globe and its careful observation. It includes books, articles, magazines, news paper, any other publications, and indeed internet. The findings observed from the sources are used as such in formulating some meaningful interpretation of the study. Once the researcher finds a useful study, he critically observes it so as to analyze it with reasoning. The study has used many findings put forward by various researchers who have conducted studies of similar nature at various places all over the world. This method requires the reading and comprehending capability as it involves the analytical and reasoning approach to find the varied results of the works. The data collected from earlier studies are arranged logically according to the objectives of th e present study. They are then presented chronologically so as to get a reader a clear picture about the subject matter of the study. The researcher will focus mainly on the findings of the study, which are used to find any deviation from the present study. ... This method requires the reading and comprehending capability as it involves the analytical and reasoning approach to find the varied results of the works. The data collected from earlier studies are arranged logically according to the objectives of the present study. They are then presented chronologically so as to get a reader a clear picture about the subject matter of the study. The researcher will focus mainly on the findings of the study, which are used to find any deviation from the present study. The methods used in the previous studies are manifold and some are overlapping in nature. Important among the previously used methods is the use of measurements that assess the multidimensional nature of body image. Conclusion The study explored the relationship between negative body image and its resultant dissatisfaction among the youth as well as old to effectively find out the factors that make them being suffered from psychopathologies. Body image and body dissatisfaction are important aspects of the self that have been shown to contribute to the development of eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction cannot be limited to youngsters alone; rather it is a common phenomenon felt by any body at any stage of his/her life cycle. Body dissatisfaction is prevalent across the life span that the impact it has on a person's self-esteem may lessen over time. As one grows older, the tolerance is greater in what changes occur in body and the total image. The authors found that men's self-rated attractiveness (e.g., body satisfaction) actually increased as they aged, whereas women's remained the same or decreased. It is interesting that this higher body satisfaction in men is not due to actual differences in physical attractiveness,

Encouraging more Respect for the Dutch Culture Essay Example for Free

Encouraging more Respect for the Dutch Culture Essay Introduction For my personal project I have decided to write a book (appendix 1) about the Dutch culture and habits. I was inspired to do this project, because a lot of people think that everyone in Holland smoked marihuana at least once a day, walks on clogs all the time and has a garden full of tulips. When I first joined ISS I noticed that everyone assumed that I loved cheese and they still do. This inspired me to do write this book, because I want people to know more about Holland and gain more respect for the country. This is important to me, because I want everyone to not always stereotype the Netherlands. My Area of Interaction for this project will be Community and Service. I chose this Area of Interaction, because I am writing a book for the community to read. I want to inspire the community to see Holland through a different view. I want people to have more respect for the Dutch  culture and its habits after reading my book. By doing this I not only help the school community, but also the Dutch community by encouraging more respect for their culture. Since I am doing this for free it is a service. I think that giving out a book for free is going to make the book more successful. More people would want to read it and so more people will be encouraged to have more respect for Holland. That is why my AOI is Community and Service. My goal of writing this book is that people will start to have more respect for the Dutch culture. I do not want everyone to just assume that I wear clogs at home, eat cheese everyday and especially that I smoke marihuana. I also want to get more non-fiction writing experience and skill by writing this book. This will help me for writing essays and other informative writing tasks. I will measure my goal by seeing if the attitude of people improves after reading my book. What I mean to say by this is that: if they lessened the stereotypical comments, than I believe that their respect has increased. I have designed an 11-point plan for my Personal Project. Make a survey and ask the questions to people in Holland to get their opinion. Buy and read books about the Dutch culture, so I can use these in my project. Find websites on the Internet about clogs, Dutch cheese, drug consumption in the Netherlands etc. I will keep researching. Ask the questions of the survey to people in ISS. Plan out my book. I will plan out what I want chapters to be about and in what order I will put them. Write an introduction for the book. Writing an introduction is important, because it introduces the reader to the book and shows what the reader can expect. I will start on writing the book and finish at least 1/3 of it before the progress fair, so I can present this on the progress fair. I will finish my book around January. This will not be the completed version. I will ask some people to read the rough draft. I will use the feedback I get to improve and finish the book. When finished I will make a table of contents and a cover page. Then I put everything together in a folder and hand it in on the due date. Description of the process Research and Planning First, I had to plan out the whole entire process. As shown in the introduction I had an eleven-point plan to finish my personal project. That was just a rough draft of all the things I was going to do, but now I will describe the whole process in detail. I started my project a little bit before the summer break. I started researching on how to write a non-fiction book. This was very critical to my project, because I have never written a book before and it was very likely to take longer if I did not use these websites. (Stephanie Chandeler, 2009) (Bobbi Linkemer, 2010) After this I thought of the survey questions I was going to ask people about Holland. The week after I planned this, my family and me went to the Netherlands and I planned to do the survey there. I asked the survey questions to as many family members and friends as I could, until we went home. I had about 25 persons interviewed and I was convinced that this was going to help me during the project. I put all the answers of the survey into an Excel document. (appendix 2) After the all this research I realized that I did not have a plan. I quickly made a 11-point plan to write my book. I was very stupid of me to write the plan so late. I will discuss this further in the conclusion. Two weeks after school started I asked the survey questions to the whole entire tenth grade class. Some of these surveys were very useful and actually helped me writing my book. But many of them were not taken seriously and I thought this was very disappointing, because I expected a little better of my classmates. Writing the first half and rewriting first half After all of this research I started writing the book. Three weeks after the school started I wrote my introduction to the book (word from the Author). This was very important to the book, because in this introduction I had to introduce the whole entire book and as I said before I have difficulties starting a writing task. But once I get into writing, then I can keep on writing for maybe 15 minutes straight. After that I wrote chapter one of my book. It was not very hard on deciding what my first chapter should be on, because almost every non-fiction book starts out with a basic overview of the topic that will be discussed. So my first chapter was about the geographical facts about Holland, like its area, population, religion  percentage and other basic facts about The Netherlands. The second chapter was about the provinces of Holland. I believed that this was important to explain, because every province is different and I wanted to show that not everything in Holland is the same a s some people think. It is like the states in the U.S., people in Georgia are completely different from people in Texas. Then I started on the third chapter, which was about the water in Holland. I talked about the lakes, rivers, seas and polders in Holland. The fourth chapter was the last chapter I wrote before the progress fair. It was about the history of Holland. I discussed important wars and events that effected Holland on what it is today. Three days later I presented what I had written so far at the progress fair. Not a lot of people were interested in my project and only about 5 kids stopped to look and ask questions about my project. A week later the biggest problem happened throughout the whole project. I lost all my progress so far on what I have written. For some reason my laptop deleted nearly everything that I had written so far. The only thing that wasn’t gone was my introduction. This was a very big problem and I should have had a back up. The next school week and one and a half week of the break I spend rewriting my whole entire first half of the book. This wasted a lot of my time I could have actually spent starting my second half of the book. I believe that the second version of my book was slightly different than the first version, but only small improvements were made. It could even be that I may have left some things out and have added some things, so my first version could have been better or worse. Writing the second half of the book The second half of the book was a little more difficult. I had covered all of the basic things, like geography and history. Now I needed all the things that people were stereotyping and making fun of, because my goal was to encourage more respect for the Dutch community by writing the actual truth instead of writing. I first decided to make a chapter on significant and famous Dutch people before talking about stereotypes. In the appendix chapter 5 of my book is shown and as you can see I talk about famous Dutch people in the past (like Vincent Van Gogh), and famous Dutch people in the present (like Johan Cruijff). I thought that this was also important to put into my book, because some people did not know any famous Dutch people and I  thought it was a good idea to also include this in my book. I finally started writing about some typical Dutch things. My sixth chapter was about Dutch holidays and traditions. I included holidays in them like the Dutch carnaval and Sinterklaas, because those are two very popular and well-known holidays all over Holland. This chapter is also included in the appendix. My seventh chapter was about Dutch eating habits and I talked about food like Dutch cheese and its stereotypes and liquorice. I hoped that I made a lot of things clear about Dutch people and cheese in this chapter. The eighth chapter of my book was about tolerance in the Netherlands. Here I hope I made a lot of things clear about the red light district, drug legalization in Holland and legalized prostitution in Holland. My final chapter was about typical Dutch things like windmills and tulips. I explained that not everyone grows tulips in their garden and not everyone in Holland lives in a windmill! After I finished all of my chapters I let my mother and father read it through for some feedback. Using the feedback I got, I improved my book. Afterwards I wrote my afterword and bibliography. In the afterword I thanked all the people that helped me write the book and summarize the conclusion of the book. At last I put the book together and made a table of contents. So, finally after 6 months of hard work, problems and bad time management I finished my book and handed it in. I hope everyone who will read the book will gain more respect for the people of The Netherlands and will think twice before concluding anything about Holland and its culture. Analysis Useful resources and the AOI linked to it My project was a project that was based on and dependent on a lot of research. So the research changed my personal project a lot. As I told in the process description, I did some research on how to write a book and I also did a survey with a lot of people. This survey affected my personal project a lot, because this showed me what people of different ages were thinking about Holland internationally. I used this survey in a lot of chapters in my book, so I could see what people were thinking about Holland. As I mentioned before my project was dependent on research. I used a lot of websites and most other websites were useful in the same way. I found websites about cheese, traditions, polders and many other things. There were  only two parts of my research that were more important than all the information sources. These were the survey and the websites on how to write a book. These helped me reach my goal better. The survey helped, because this showed me what a lot of people were thinking and so I could decide what I should write several of my chapters about. The websites on how to write book helped, because it is always very difficult for me to start an essay or any other writing task. These websites helped me start out and guided me throughout the whole writing process. Another very useful website that helped me finish my longest chapter, chapter 2, was a website called tripadvisor.com (Tripadvisor, 2000) I used a lot of sources I used and it would be a miracle if I remembered all of them word by word. Some of which I remember do relate to the AOI. The source that links the most to the AOI is my survey results. Asking people from two different communities questions about their personal opinions created this survey. One was the Dutch community who all gave similar answers and mostly answers that make sense to me. The other was an international community who also gave similar answers, but made less sense. Some people did not take this survey seriously and some people gave stupid answers. One example is that some people just wrote weed next to every answer. These were the survey that did not help me at all and I just threw them away. By seeing this I could conclude that not a lot of foreigners knew about the Dutch people and their culture. Changes in the plan I changed a lot of things in the plan. At the very beginning I said that I would create the survey first. What I actually did first was research on how to write a book. This was an important change in the plan, because if I didn’t than probably my book would have been less organized, I probably forgot the table of contents and my introduction would take maybe three days. Another change I made in one of the points in the plan was that I did not interview people from the I was planning in doing so, but than I decided not to. I am a very shy person when it comes to asking a stranger a bunch of questions. I was afraid that they might be startled and most of them just say no, because they don’t have time. I was also afraid that people think I am some crazy kid asking them some stupid questions about their own country. Another change in the plan was that I switched point 4 and 5 around. Now, I  first planned out the book and then I surveyed the tenth grade. I did this, because I saw that some people were still getting used to their homework pattern in tenth grade and would probably forget one â€Å"unimportant† survey and that would leave me with maybe 15 completed surveys in my hands. So I first planned out the book and later when most people were less stressed I asked the survey questions. The biggest change is probably that I would have had the book finished in January. I had to change this, because of the problem that occurred I explained about in the description process. Almost all of my work got deleted. Due to this I could not work on my second half of the project in the Christmas break. I finished up my rough draft in the February break and had two days to use feedback from my mother and father to improve my book. This change also had effect on nearly all of my last points, because of the little time that was left after the deletion of my project. Techniques used in the project and time management I did not use a lot of different techniques in my project. Since my project is writing a book not as many techniques are used as in making a movie or sporting. The technique I used most was research and write. For a non-fiction book this is obvious, because the information in the book does require a lot of research. There are also other techniques I used, like the interview. The interview was, as I explained before, critical to my project. This interview was very effective to my project, because it is always good to not only have second hand sources. To have a first hand source can come in really handy, because one cannot always believe what is on the Internet. My time management could have been better. First of all it would have been better if I had finished everything up until my book introduction in the summer break, because than I could have entirely focused on writing my book for the rest of the year. The other big thing that interfered with my time schedule was the deletion of my project. As I explained before I had to rewrite all over again during the Christmas break. And the last thing that is again completely my fault, is that I let the final chapter of my book all come down to one holiday. I worked everyday on the project in the holiday and was really stressed throughout the whole ‘holiday’. I should have spread it out over the last three weeks, but I admit I was too lazy and thought that I wasted half of my Christmas break on my project that I won’t do a lot  in the weeks to come. This is a thought that I will not ever think again after what happened. Has my understanding of my AOI grown during the project? My understanding of the AOI has definitely improved over the course of the year. My understanding about why one should respect another culture has grown a lot. I have realized more than ever that I have to respect other cultures more and stop making stereotypical jokes in order to gain respect from other people for my culture. I also understand more how my book could contribute and has contributed to a community. By reading my book some people have gained respect for Holland and its culture as I mentioned before. Now maybe 10 people read the book and maybe 5 of these have gained respect for the Dutch culture. This benefitted the small Dutch community in our school. But let us say that half of Germany reads my book. I think that around 40%/50% of these people would actually understand and respect the Dutch culture more. If such a thing happened than it could have contributed to the whole Dutch community. Understanding and quality of the product I understand many more things now about writing a book. The main thing that I have learned is to have a back up for every chapter you make. I have learned this the hard way. Another major thing that I understand now is that writing a book is not as easy as I expected it to be. It requires a lot of research, creativity and especially time. If you do not plan you time well then writing a book can take a really long time. I wrote a book double-spaced, size 14 and 6800 words in 46 pages in about 6 months. A writer that does single-spaced, size 12 and around 500 pages would maybe take 30 years over one book if he/she wrote in my tempo. And if I wrote in their tempo than I would be done with the project in maybe a month or so. So my understanding is that writing a book is mostly about planning and a lot of dedication to one’s work. I am quite proud on what I produced. I never thought myself capable of writing a book. Compared to the work of a professional writer my book is very short. I compared my work to a book called â€Å"The Dutch, I presume?†(Martijn de Rooj, April 2009) and another book called â€Å"Holland† (Herman Van Amsterdam, 2009) and saw that mine was way shorter. These man also has more experience when it comes to writing a book. they designed it really clever and also had other professionals working with them; like  professional photographers and artists. The Difficulty of the project Overall I would not consider my project as a difficult project. I also don’t think it is easy. Writing a book is not as easy as people think it is, because it requires a lot of planning and a bit of creativity. But it is also not extremely difficult, because if you planned everything than you just let your mind and hands do the work and just keep on writing until you cannot write anymore. I think writing a non-fiction book is more for people who are looking for a challenge. Conclusion Have I met my Goal? I believe that I have met my goal to a certain extent. The first part of my goal was to encourage more respect for the Dutch culture. This point is not very clear yet, because only one foreigner has read the book until now. But I believe that the book will have some impact on the respect people have for Holland. I told some of my classmates some facts about the Netherlands and they stopped making fun of the things I told them are not even close to the truth. My other goal was to get more informative writing skills. I believe that I really have achieved this goal, because I find it easier to write more on one-world essays or history essays now, because I wrote this book. This project also helped me a lot with researching skills. Before I only used to look on the Internet, but now I will start using other sources like books and first hand sources to research. By doing this I can get more information about a subject and this will, hopefully, get me better grades. Things that I would do differently if I could start over There are a lot of things I would do differently next time. The first one is to have a back up for everything I write. This was the biggest problem I had throughout the whole project. Due to this I wasted a whole break rewriting all the things I did not back up. If I do this differently if I could start over than I would probably have way more time to do the rest of my book. This brings me to the other thing I would do differently if I could start over: time management. I should have planned my time better throughout the 6 months I had. Because I did not plan my time well in the ending I had to  finish the second half of my project in one and a half week. Another thing that I could improve is that I should let more than just 2 people give me feedback on my book. Both of the people that gave me feedback were Dutch and I should have let someone with a different nationality look at it. This would have been an advantage, because than I would have gotten another cultures point of view. The benefit of another culture’s point of view is that all the things that think could be appropriate in Holland could be inappropriate in other cultures. Because I might have put one or two jokes in my book that could be seen as inappropriate, but I left them in there due to that the two people giving feedback were ok with it. Personal lesson I learned from doing this project I have learned a lot by doing this project. The main thing is that I learned to organize better. I was always terrible at organizing my work, so I got in time trouble a lot of time. By doing this project along with all the essays and tests we got I had to learn organizing the hard way. Another thing I learned and I kept mentioning throughout the whole report is that I HAVE to make a back up for all the important work I have done. If I do not do this something like what happened in December might happen and completely ruin days of works. I also learned that if I really put myself into something I could write about a lot of information quickly. Another important thing that I realized while writing my book was that if I want people to respect my culture and stop stereotyping, I also have to do the same thing. I realized this while talking to a couple of my friends about respect for one’s country. I realized that in order for me to achieve my goal of people respecting my culture, I had to do the same thing. I have learned a lot by doing this project and I hope that other people have learned a lot too by reading my book. Bibliography Chandler, Stephanie. How to Write Your Non-Fiction Book in 60 Days: 8 Steps Get Your Book Out of Your Head and on to Paper. Scribd. 2009. Web. 31 Mar. 2011. http://www.scribd.com/doc/13835154/How-to-Write-Your-NonFiction-Book-in-60-Days-8-Steps-Get-Your-Book-Out-of-Your-Head-and-on-to-Paper. Linkemer,